Types of Cell
On the basis of the organisation of nucleus, cells can be divided into two types prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
a prokaryotic cell are not surrounded by any nuclear membrane. They are dispersed in its
cytoplasm. Though the cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic
reticule etc. are not found in a prokaryotic cell, ribosomes are present in it. Only the
unwrapped DNA constitutes the chromosomal structure of a prokaryotic cell. For
example, blue green algae and bacteria are constituted of this type of cell.
organised and surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Chromosomes are organised with
DNA, histone protein and other components. From algae to higher flowering plants and
from Amoeba to advanced animals, the basic structural and functional component is
eukaryotic type of cell. Along with ribosome, other cell organelles are present in the cell.
On the basis of function, there are two other types of cells: somatic cell and gametic cell.
i) Somatic cell: This type of cell takes part in the organisation of the body of an
organism. The cell divides through the process of binary fission and mitotic division.
Organisms grow in this way. Moreover, cells take part in the organisation of different
organs and organ systems.
ii) Gametic cell – Gametal cells are produced in the organisms in which sexual
reproduction and alternation of generations occur. Primordial germ cells divide through
meiotic division and produce gametic cells. In a gametic cell, number of chromosome
becomes half than that of its somatic type. A new living body is commenced after the
fusion of male and female gametes. Half life fuses with another half life to produce a full
life. Zygote is the first cell produced after the union of male and female gametic cells.
Zygote undergoes repeated mitotic division to organise a body of an organism.
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| Types of Cell |
a) Prokaryotic cell:
A prokaryotic cell does not contain any true nucleus. This is why it is called a cell with a primitive type of nucleus. The term nucleotide fits nice in this case. Nuclear materials ina prokaryotic cell are not surrounded by any nuclear membrane. They are dispersed in its
cytoplasm. Though the cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic
reticule etc. are not found in a prokaryotic cell, ribosomes are present in it. Only the
unwrapped DNA constitutes the chromosomal structure of a prokaryotic cell. For
example, blue green algae and bacteria are constituted of this type of cell.
b) Eukaryotic cell:
In this type of cell, nucleus is well structured that means nuclear materials are wellorganised and surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Chromosomes are organised with
DNA, histone protein and other components. From algae to higher flowering plants and
from Amoeba to advanced animals, the basic structural and functional component is
eukaryotic type of cell. Along with ribosome, other cell organelles are present in the cell.
On the basis of function, there are two other types of cells: somatic cell and gametic cell.
i) Somatic cell: This type of cell takes part in the organisation of the body of an
organism. The cell divides through the process of binary fission and mitotic division.
Organisms grow in this way. Moreover, cells take part in the organisation of different
organs and organ systems.
ii) Gametic cell – Gametal cells are produced in the organisms in which sexual
reproduction and alternation of generations occur. Primordial germ cells divide through
meiotic division and produce gametic cells. In a gametic cell, number of chromosome
becomes half than that of its somatic type. A new living body is commenced after the
fusion of male and female gametes. Half life fuses with another half life to produce a full
life. Zygote is the first cell produced after the union of male and female gametic cells.
Zygote undergoes repeated mitotic division to organise a body of an organism.
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